Cryogenics is the science of studying the behaviour of materials at low temperatures and the production of low temperatures. Only the possibility of creating temperatures as low as -150 ºC enabled  developments in the fields of, for example, transplantology, space flights, the metal and food industries.

A major contribution to the development of cryogenics was made by two professors of the Jagiellonian University, the chemist Karol Olszewski (1846-1915) and the physicist Zygmunt Wróblewski (1845-1888), who both managed to successfully liquefy elements of atmospheric air in 1883.

The JU Museum features the instruments used during those experiments.

Cryogenics plays a significant role in such areas as: space research, biology and surgery, the food, metal, chemical industry, as well as in the production of superconducting devices. The application of superconducting elements in energetic devices leads to a considerable reduction of costs and the mass of such devices, and also increases their reliability and productivity, without increasing their power requirements.

As part of the Cryogenics Month, the Museum has released a 500-edition collector's ticket.