The painting Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God, a masterpiece created by artist Jan Matejko, in possession of the Jagiellonian University is constantly displayed in the Collegium Novum Aula and was previously located in the Aula of the Jagiellonian University Museum. What do we know about this piece of art? What was the main idea behind its creation? What are the details about its conservation? And, finally, why is this work of a fundamental importance to the Jagiellonian University?