The first physics cabinet of the Jagiellonian University was established in the 1780s. Only a few objects have been preserved. The majority of exhibits in this room date to the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection includes early instruments used in electricity research, a set of optic analytical devices (spectrographs, refractometers, polarimeters), a representative group of microscopes and a replica of the X-ray kit used by Prof. Karol Olszewski in the first successful attempt to take X-ray photographs in 1896.